Sustainable Development free essay sample

This paper contends that practical advancement is the response to the world’s natural and financial issues. Its motivation is to layout my comprehension of feasible turn of events and to talk about what the creators Ede (2008), Collier (2007) and Monbiot (2006) have added to it. With the end goal of this article I am alluding to ‘development’ with regards to human financial development. Brundtland characterizes manageable improvement as â€Å"development that outcomes in the necessities of the present being met without trading off the capacity of people in the future to meet their own needs† (Sutton, 2004). To start I will analyise every one of the creators points of view and furthermore give my own dependent on my experience, and afterward feature any similitudes, holes or contrasts between them. As indicated by Monboit (2006), pressing change needs to happen to diminish our carbon discharges by 90 percent continuously 2030. On the off chance that we don't, at that point it is an undeniable chance that we have botched our chance to cool the Earth’s climate from warming which would bring about a calamitous result. We will compose a custom exposition test on Feasible Development or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Be that as it may, Monbiot trusts it is conceivable to address the difficulty by receiving economical turn of events, specifically through the improvement of ecological science and advancements. He clarifies that past natural crusades have fizzled on the grounds that most of tree hugger need uprightness, and that it is for all intents and purposes inconceivable for anybody to be completely supportable except if there is a change in perspective in the public arena driven by changes in Government strategy. The idea of economical improvement is perplexing, it incorporates the assurance of the earth and individuals and intends to see a conclusion to neediness (Sutton, 2004 pp 3). The requirement for change towards economical improvement is basic for the very endurance of the human species anyway it appears they are the cause all their own problems. Collier (2007) clarifies that there is a reasonable partition between individuals in creating nations and the helpless nations (alluded to as the last billion) which are stuck in what he calls advancement traps. Perhaps the most concerning issue in these nations is degenerate Governments. Collier alludes to the most unfortunate individuals on the planet as the ‘bottom billion’ and clarifies that they have no alternative other than to go to exhausting the indigenous habitat of its assets just to endure. Individuals in nations, for example, Africa, are compelled to mine minerals that are then sold on to the creating nations to use in innovations, for example, cell phones and PCs. Globalization has just quickened the issue since innovation is fundamental to globalization (McMahon, 2001). The outcome is that individuals are expending and delivering waste at a regularly quickening rate. It is the thing that drives the economy, thus items are made to separate or they immediately supplanted as another model assumes it position with ‘better’ highlights. Ede, 2008 pp 20) The glossy advertising of the best in class contraptions, that professes to make your life simpler and quicker than at any other time. Ede clarifies that advertising isn't just about selling an item any longer, presently it is likewise about selling a personality or a way of life. Ede clarifies that â€Å"waste is a mental and social issue, not a building issue. † Unfortunately even individuals who are e conomically cognizant succumb to the shades of malice of free enterprise, there is by all accounts no getting away from it nonetheless, Monboit (as cited in Ede, 2008 pp 20) accepts that through the intensity of individuals who decide to purchase eco, a move towards supportability will happen. Be that as it may, this is just a piece of the arrangement on the grounds that for any genuine change needs to happen it should be driven at Government strategy level (Collier, 2007 pp 3). So also, the test for pioneers in the green structure development is to impact the Governments to change or make arrangements that help supportable turn of events. My comprehension of the idea of supportable advancement originates from my five years of working in the practical structure part. The fabricated condition is the single biggest supporter of worldwide ozone depleting substance discharges (Morell, 2011). The idea of manageability in the manufactured condition is equivalent to ‘sustainable development’ in this unit which is to live more reasonably by depending more on sun oriented vitality, protecting biodiversity and not upsetting the earth’s characteristic substance reusing forms (Miller, 2010 pp6). Another test the green structure development is confronted with is to persuade engineers regarding the drawn out financial advantages of green structure. Innovation can give a way towards feasible turn of events, for instance a six star, green star evaluated building can diminish its vitality utilization by almost 90% (Bond, 2008). Monbiot shares this view as he also accepts that worldwide usage of science and innovation can help accomplish practical turn of events. Albeit every one of the creators concur about feasible advancement is the response to the universes most pressing natural and monetary issues, their perspectives on the best way to increase financial equalization vary. Ede thinks about that by disposing of our waste we can recapture monetary equalization and Monbiot’s hypothesis is that the move towards green innovation will bring balance.

Complete Heart Block Case Study free essay sample

It is an observational request that researches a wonder inside a genuine setting. It gives a foundational perspective on, gathering information, investigation data and detailing the outcome. It will in general be particular, concentrating on a couple of issues that are key to understanding the framework being analyzed. Cardiovascular cases are under average class of contextual analyses where side effects are portrayed, likely explanations are proposed, treatment is suggested and guess is recorded till the emergency clinic remain of the case. So it is the finished investigation of the case and about the sick condition from which the case is endured. Targets of contextual investigation 1. To gather information identified with the etiology and inclining factors causing infections. 2. To distinguish the indications of clinical/careful conditions from the fundamental patho physiological changes. 3. To associate the standards of physical, organic and social sciences in use of nursing process in care of the patients with explicit conditions in regards to Medical/Surgical treatment. We will compose a custom paper test on Complete Heart Block Case Study or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 4. To direct wellbeing trainings for people and gatherings. 5. To give far reaching nursing care as indicated by the need of the patient. 6. To help individual in various analytic examinations. . Controls the disease by applying suggested Infective anticipation measures. HISTORY TAKING Demographic Data Name: Nutan Govinda Joshi Age: 82 years. Sex: Male Marital Status: Married. Religion: Hindu. Instruction: Literate (Bachelor in Pharmacology) Occupation: Retired Address: Jhamsikhel Ward:CCU Bed no: 10 Hospital No. :51974 Diagnosis: Complete heart hinder with hypertension with type 2 DM Date of confirmation: 2069/09/02 Date of release: 2069/09/11 Unit:1 ‘A’ Dr. Murari Dungana and Dr. Pranita Dhakal. Boss grievances At the hour of confirmation: * Generalized shortcoming since 3pm * Altered sensorium since 5pm At the hour of appraisal: * Pain at pacemaker embedded site History of Present ailment: According to the patient, he was in his typical condition of wellbeing then he abruptly created summed up body shortcoming since today 3pm related with two scenes of regurgitating. Tolerant additionally gave history of adjusted sensorium for few moments. ECG done at Kathmandu Hospital show Complete Heart Block at pace of 42 bpm for which he got 4ml of atropine and isoprenaline was begun. Understanding alluded here for TPI. No history of loss of awareness, SOB, palpitation, chest torment, consuming micturation, blockage and section of free stool. History of past sickness: * Known instance of Hypertension and type 2 DM and under prescription. Individual History: No history of any medications or food hypersensitivity. He is non-veggie lover and he utilized smoke in past around 2-3 sticks/day since 16 years and he left smoking 35 years back. He is non-alcoholic. Entrail : Has not passed stool since 2 days Appetite: Normal Sleep : Decreased Urine : Normal Socio-financial status: * Income source: Pharmacy and Son * Road and power offices : Present * Drinking water : bubbled water * Excreta removal: Toilet * Health offices : Nearby medical clinic: Kathmandu Hospital * Waste removal : Manure 9yrs Family tree67 yrs 83 yrs 78 yrs 80 yrs 76 yrs 80 years 82 yrs 5 Male: Female: Patient: Marriage 49 yrs 42 yrs 55 yrs 62 yrs 37 yrs 61 yrs 58yrs 56 yrs 60yrs His dad had history hypertension. Kicked the bucket at 67 yrs age because of some cardiovascular issues. Mother had experienced hemiparalysis for around 6 years and later kicked the buc ket at 79 yrs. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: On date:2069/09/03 His general condition is powerless. He is all around situated to time, spot and individual. Outward presentation: Looks sick. Level of cognizance: Conscious. Tidiness: Maintained. Walk : Balanced Weight : 50 kg. VITALS: * Temperature: 98 F Pulse: 88 beats for every min * Respiration: 20/min * Blood Pressure: 90/70 mmHg * PILCCOD: nil HEAD TO TOE EXAMINATION: * Head and face Hair: whitish and short with no dandruff present No any scars and wounds. Face : wrinkled face and looks layered. * Eyes Pupil: React to light Vision: Decreased. Mistiness of focal point: Transparent. Obscured vision: Not present Anemia: Not present Jaundice: Not present * Ears Normal shape and size, and No any release. State of mastoid region: No any indication of Inflammation External ear channel: Normal * Nose Normal shape and size, and no any dying. Nasal deviation missing. * Mouth, Throat and Neck Lips: Pink, no splits Gums: Normal Tonsils: Not broadened. Sense of taste: Normal Uvula: Normal. Thyroid: Not expanded and unmistakable. * Chest and Lung Inspection Shape : Normal Movement of chest: Moving equivalent during breath Palpation : Non delicate Percussion : Resonant sound felt on Percussion. Auscultation Breath sound: Normal Vesicular Breathing Sound Bilateral Equal Air Entry No wheezing or crawled. Breath: Normal 20/minute. * Cardiovascular System Chest torment: gripes of torment at entry point site on development Pulse : 88/minute Circulatory strain: 110/70 mm of Hg Incision on left half of the chest made for Permanent Pacemaker implantation. Auscultation Heart sound: Normal (lub and dup) Murmur: missing. * Gastro-intestinal framework Bowel propensity: has not passed stool since 3 days Vomiting: Absent Loss of craving: Absent Palpation Liver: Not tangible. Spleen: Not unmistakable. Kidney: Not discernable. Any anomalous masses: No. Auscultation for entrail sound: 3-4 times each moment. Delicacy : Absent * Genito Urinary System No any stomach torment present Pain on micturation: No Blood in pee: No Color of pee: Light yellow. (Straw) Patient was on inhabiting catheter No any indications of UTI seen (fever, lower mid-region torment, putrid pee, recurrence in pee and so on) * Musculoskeletal framework Normal body pose. No any deformation * Nervous System Convulsion: No. Level of cognizant: Conscious. Step balance: Well adjusted. Direction : Oriented to time, spot and individual. Discourse issue : No. Issue of rest and rest : not present. Discoveries of physical assessment * Looks sick. * Has not passed stool since 3-4 days * On the left half of his chest there was a careful cut accomplished for the perpetual pacemaker implantation. Quiet grumbles of torment on development. * Patient on inhabiting urinary catheter. Life structures AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CONDUCTIVITY OF HEART: The SA hub is arranged at the intersection of the unrivaled venacava and RA. It contains specific atrial cells that depolarize at rate impacted by the programmed sensory system and by circling catecholamine. During typical (sinus) beat, this depolarization wave engenders through the two atria by means of sheets of atrial myocytes. The annulus fibrosus structures a conduction hindrance among atria and ventricles, and the main pathway through it is AV hub. This is midline structure reaching out from right half of entomb atrial septum, infiltrating the annulus fibrosus anteriorly. The AV hub directs moderately gradually, creating an essential time delay among atrial and ventricular withdrawal. The His-Purkinje framework is involved the heap of His stretching out from AV hub into interventricular septum, the privilege and left pack branches going along the ventricular septum and into the individual ventricles, the foremost and back fascicles of left group branch, and the littler Purkinje strands that ramify through ventricular myocardium. The tissues of His-Purkinje framework direct quickly and permit close to concurrent depolarization of whole ventricular myocardium. The pulse is dictated by the myocardial cells with the quickest inalienable terminating rate, under ordinary conditions, the SA hub has most elevated innate rate (60-100impulses every moment), the AV hub has second most elevated intrinsic rate (40-60 driving forces for each moment, and the ventricular pacemaker locales have the least characteristic rate (30-40 motivations for every moment). On the off chance that SA hub glitches, AV hub by and large assumes control over the pacemaker capacity of the heart at its innately lower rate. In the event that both the SA hub and AV hub fall flat in their pacemaker work, the pacemaker site in ventricle will fire its intrinsic rate at 30-40 motivations for each moment. Portrayal OF DISEASE †COMPLETE HEART BLOCK * It is the ailment wherein the motivation created in the SA hub in the chamber doesn't engender to the ventricles. * When AV conduction bombs totally, the atria and ventricles beat autonomously. Ventricular movement is kept up by a getaway musicality emerging in the AV hub or heap of His (slender QRS edifices) or distal purkinje tissues (expansive QRS buildings). Distal getaway rhythms will in general be increasingly slow dependable. Complete heart square delivers a moderate (25-50/min), normal heartbeat that, aside from on account of innate complete heart square, doesn't fluctuate with work out. There is generally compensatory increment in stroke volume with a huge volume beat and systolic stream mumbles. * Rate: atrial rate is estimated autonomously of the v entricular rate, typically ordinary yet the ventricular rate is generally moderate. * Rhythm: every free beat will be standard, however they will bear no relationship to one another * P wave: present yet no predictable relationship with the QRS * PR stretch: not so much quantifiable QRS complex: relies upon the break system (ie, AV nodal will have typical QRS, ventricular will be wide and the rate will be more slow) * T wave: ordinarily led Etiology of complete heart square * Congenital * Acquired * Idiopathic fibrosis * Myocardial localized necrosis/ischemia * Inflammation * Acute (e. g. aortic root ulcer in infective endocarditis) * Chronic (e. g. sarcoidosis, chagas infection) * Trauma (e. g. heart medical procedure) * Drugs (e. g. digoxin, Beta blockers) Clinical highlights In book | In my patient | Bradycardia | Present (43 beats for each moment) | Hypotension | Present (90/70 mm of Hg)| Hemodynamic unsteadiness | Present (semi-cognizant, wooziness, adjusted body s

Essay on the Enlightenment

Edification Essay The Enlightenment may have happened quite a while prior, thoughts of the masterminds of that time have molded and impacted thoughts of today. Scholars like Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke may have legitimately affected the legislature of the United States. Montesquieu contended that the best government would be one whose force was adjusted between three gatherings of authorities. He thought England †which isolated force between the ruler (who upheld laws), Parliament (which made laws), and the appointed authorities of the English courts (who deciphered laws) †was a decent model of this. Partition of powers† was what Montesquieu called this thought of separating government power into three branches. He thought it generally imperative to make separate parts of government with equivalent yet various forces. Since this, the legislature could never put an excess of intensity with one individual or gathering of people. He composed, â€Å"When t he [law making] and [law enforcement] powers are joined in the equivalent person†¦ there can be no freedom. † Montesquieu said each part of government could constrain the intensity of the other two branches.Therefore, no part of the administration could compromise the opportunity of the individuals. His thoughts regarding division of forces turned into the reason for the United States Constitution. Voltaire was a French writer, author, artist, and political reformer, just to give some examples things. He supported Religious and social resilience, which are two things our own legislature trusts in. Voltaire was an advocate of individual freedom and the right to speak freely of discourse, he said the renowned articulation â€Å"I can't help contradicting what you state, however I will guard to the passing your entitlement to state it. The right to speak freely of discourse is the main correction in our constitution, and the fourth amendment is the privilege to individual f reedom. One of his progressively dubious convictions was the division of chapel and state, which we confidence in today. This conviction was one of the convictions that landed Voltaire in jail, and eventually banish. The Social Contract was one of Rosseau’s most significant thoughts. Rousseau accepted that society and government made an implicit agreement where their objectives were opportunity and advantage to the public.Government’s presence relied upon the desire of the individuals. The social request depended on general will, a mutual faith in a typical arrangement of intrigue. He accepted that in a vote based system, the general will of the law based individuals, communicated in the method of a dominant part vote, to settle on all the choices. The general will was additionally a type of opportunity, and the reason for law was to join the general will with the wants of the individuals. These thoughts on popular government, general will, and opportunity are found in our own administration today.Locke was one of the most powerful savants of the Enlightenment. He accepted that bâ€Å"y nature men are free, and that God made it so individuals need a pioneer. He contended individuals have rights. Those rights incorporate right to life, freedom, and property. He utilized this case to advance the possibility of the implicit understanding, so individuals can appreciate there option to serenely appreciate there lives, freedom, and property. Locke additionally said that legislatures existed to secure the individuals and advance open great so governments who don’t do that ought to be replacedâ with new governments.He said individuals reserved a privilege to insurgency. Locke likewise precluded the thought from securing divine right. Every one of these thoughts are found in the constitution. The privilege to insurgency was particularly essential to the homesteaders, since they accepted the British government was not a decent one, so they needed to supplant it with their own new type of government. It was a period of supreme governments and oppression in Europe. The US constitution was a response to that, an exceptionally republican, agent constitution.Also, it was when individuals were mistreated or even banished, for having a strict conviction other than the one of the legislature, the constitution responded to that. It’s additionally federalist in light of the fact that the US at the time was decentralized regarding networks, individuals needed to hold self-administration, instead of hand it off to far away England. Numerous different things in the constitution were not the same as the convictions of the legislatures in Europe, and the pioneers needed to change that. That is the manner by which the constitution mirrors the occasions it was written in.

Integrated Business Experience Home Furnishings

Question: Expound on theIntegrated Business Experiencefor Home Furnishings. Answer: Presentation Hermes of Paris was set up in 1837 by Thiery Hermes. The organization bargains in exceptionally rich items that are in style. It for the most part has some expertise in way of life extras, cowhide, gems, home decorations, perfumery and prepared to-wear. The organization is guided by a brand theory that centers around the item rather picture creation. The organization was at first centered around serving the European respectable individuals yet has developed after some time to assist all with peopling over the globe. It has teamed up with the vast majority of the huge endeavors on the planet to convey the best and to arrive at more clients everywhere throughout the world (Colino 2010). Hierarchical Culture of Hermes Hierarchical culture alludes to convictions and qualities which direct the manner in which representatives carry on in the organization. The corporate culture is a solid power, and it administers most pieces of individuals' conduct, for example, how they act, dress, convey and the general method of carrying out their responsibilities. Hermes, as other worldwide organizations, has an authoritative culture distinguished by the seven attributes. These highlights are backing of development, the tender loving care, accentuation on the relationship with individuals, consolation of collaboration, being result situated, rule arranged and worker forcefulness. Every one of these parts of association culture of Hermes have added to the development of the organization and furthermore its general business manageability (Islam et al. 2009). The organization has applied these parts of culture both in Australia and in France; its the nation of origin. To improve, support and guarantee progression of the hierarchical culture, Hermes has thought of explicit procedures that have been actualized to accomplish. Right off the bat, the organization guarantees that new representatives are prepared for three days to cause them to feel near the association and furthermore see increasingly about the Hermes authoritative culture, qualities and methods of reasoning. This technique has been grasped in Australia and different parts of the organization outside France. Likewise, the organization doesn't underwrite items explicitly for Australia, yet rather it sells comparable items over the world. This essentially advances unity and item quality level food in Australia and over the globe. This association additionally gets ready for a one-day displaying of items from every one of its stores. This makes each store to try sincerely and present the best along these lines limited time of the authoritative culture. This among different systems has helped Hermes to create and continue its authoritative culture not at all like different associations (Modaff et al. 2011). Worldwide Corporate Social Responsibility of Hermes Corporate social duty alludes to the companys part of the coordination of the worries of the public activity of individuals and the natural prosperity with an objective of improving the connections of the association with its partners. Hermes as a worldwide organization has indicated a great deal of worries about its corporate social obligation over the globe. The business has invested a great deal of amounts of energy in rationing the earth and furthermore to help their partners from multiple points of view accordingly association. In 2008, Hermes established Foundation undertaking Hermes as a body worried about the corporate social duty in Australia and different branches. This body stretches out the organizations worries to improving the generous help (Warf et al. 2007). The body works in reflection to the association's guiding principle in light of the fact that the organization has inserted corporate social duties in its basic beliefs supporting both individual and gathering's social and noble cause ventures. This, subsequently, shows Hermes is colossally dedicated to the corporate social obligation both locally and over the globe (Hermes 2010). The Corporate Social Responsibility arrangement of Hermes advances and supports the inventive expressions. It has recognized the individual gifts or different associations in imaginative plans and afterward bolsters them both from Australia and in the nation of origin. This association likewise underpins the conventional artworks. It distinguishes the people with the aptitude and ability in the conventional expressions and encourages them in all manners conceivable. This help is basic in the general public, and in this way, the nearby ability is tutored along these lines improving the companys communications with its partners (Eisingerich Ghardwaj 2011, pp 1718). Additionally, Hermes has advanced instruction and preparing. It has upheld the foundation of schools and preparing places for expressions and inventive structures. This made the Australians get to these instructive offices rapidly and henceforth their development. Likewise, Hermes, similar to some other organization worried about corporate social duty rations the earth. The organization organizes natural prosperity in its activity. It attempts to dodge ecological contamination and is attempting to embrace biodiversity and the general green approach (Kock et al. 2012, pp 492-514). Worldwide Competitive Advantage of Hermes Upper hand characterizes the particular conditions that empower a given business association to deliver its items at a lower cost or to create progressively alluring items to its clients. This causes the business to create more an incentive to its partners than other contender firms (similar favorable position) or creation of merchandise that are unique in relation to those of the contenders hence they are believed to be predominant in the market (Erica 2012). Hermes is an organization that has been a market player in Australia for quite a while delivering particularly costly items. The organization makes renown items that are high in cost, yet of the highest caliber in the market. The association has consistently kept up its one of a kind procedure of item fabricating through its handcraftsmanship hence this has ensured its item quality, for example, in the creation of its calfskin packs. This has helped it to keep up the brand name and has just made an impression of its item prevalence by the shoppers since they determine more an incentive out of this accordingly their upper hand. Great brand picture of Hermes in Australia has likewise helped it to take the best evaluating methodologies in the market for its advantage. The association sets the costs for its items basing on how it is imagined, the assembling cost and the item in appropriation. Organization item costs are in this manner not affected by its rivals. Additionally, Hermes appreciates the upper hand in appropriation into the market since it as of now has its underlying foundations set up in the dynamic design showcase zones. A portion of these districts incorporate Japan, France, USA, Asia-pacific locales and Europe. It is, along these lines, hard for different contenders to come in and take the situation in these regions to beat Hermes which has a solid brand name in those design showcase regions (Marquis et al. 2013, pp 193243). End All in all, every association needs to comprehend and advance a solid hierarchical culture since it affects the staff and how they play out their undertakings. Organizations additionally need to consider the corporate social obligation since they improve the collaboration with the partners. In addition, organizations ought to likewise fathom the different upper hands that they have. Understanding these ideas is basic for the achievement of the association. References Colino, Nadine (2010). The Hermes Scarf: History Mystique. Thames Hudson. ISBN0-500-51518-2. Eisingerich, A. Ghardwaj, G. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility: Does Social Responsibility Help Protect a Company's Reputation?. pp 1718. Erica Olsen (2012). Key Planning Kit for Dummies, second Edition. John Wiley Sons, Inc Hermes (2010). The Hermes Responsible Ownership Principles, Hermes Pensions Management Ltd. Islam, Gazi and Zyphur, Michael. (2009). Customs in associations: A survey and development of current hypothesis. Gathering Organization Management. (34), 1140139. Kock, C.J., Santalo J. also, Diestre, L. (2012). Corporate Governance and the Environment: What sort of Governance makes Greener Companies?'. Diary of Management Studies, Vol. 49, Issue 3, pp 492-514. Marquis, Christopher, Tilcsik, Andrs (2013). Engraving: Toward A Multilevel Theory. Academy of Management Annals. Pp 193243 Modaff, D.P., DeWine, S., Butler, J. (2011). Authoritative Communication: Foundations, Challenges, and Misunderstandings (second Ed.). Boston: Pearson Education Warf, Frederick P. Stutz, Barney (2007). The World Economy: Resources, Location, Trade and Development (fifth ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson. ISBN0132436892

Essay --

We are altogether acquainted with clinics. Contingent upon our condition we see various specialists and medical caretakers. Manny patients think their essential parental figure is their primary care physician, anyway they are incorrect. The essential guardian is their medical caretaker working each hour, the attendant is checking their vitals, and surveying their condition. Presently let’s go to a patient in basic condition. Andrew, a thirty-multi year elderly person who had been seriously scorched, and lost his leg to the injury. Andrew was in such agony his going to nurture gave him the maximum and the medical attendant was exceptionally stressed of respiratory breakdown. Andrew went through about two months in the basic consideration office, however said he would not have endure it without his going to nurture Ellen. The patient is dealt with, yet the patient doesn’t know how the medical caretaker is getting along, who is giving their consideration. That understanding doesn’t know whether the person feels exhausted or on the off chance that the individual in question has had a break over the most recent twelve hours. The patient likely doesn’t realize that the basic consideration nurture is dealing with seven different patients. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing, â€Å"critical care nursing is that claim to fame inside nursing that manages human reactions to dangerous issues. A basic consideration nurture is an authorized proficient medical caretaker who is answerable for guaranteeing that intensely and basically sick patients and their families get ideal care.† (American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, 2010) In synopsis basic nursing is an overwhelming undertaking one where one individual would be exhausted and attempting to be in an excessive number of spots without a moment's delay. Likewise nurture are feeling an even additional strain on the grounds that hospitals’ escalated care units are understaffed. Presently, this isn't outrageous, anyway is a direct iss... ...ge, this is an endless loop. A circle that should be broken by the organizations to give better mind to our attendants which will bring about better consideration of patients. At last something should be improved secure the privileges of individual medical attendants bringing the deficiency and patient passings down. As expressed early, medical attendants are essential parental figures in emergency clinics. Nursing will never be a simple calling, yet it is an excellent one. Medical attendants aren’t medical attendants since they get commendable compensation or have better than average timetables. Medical attendants are a definitive parental figures since they are empathetic and have an enthusiasm for helping other people. Tragically, the absence of regard and deficiency makes it hard for medical attendants to genuinely observe the blessing they are giving their patients. In rundown it is tied in with discovering answers for better our medicinal services associations who can better the lives all things considered.

What to Look For in Admission Essay Writing Services

What to Look For in Admission Essay Writing ServicesEssay writing services are for those who have no experience in writing essays and need professional help to write an impressive essay. Most schools require the students to write an essay on a particular subject, and this is one of the major responsibilities of the student during his or her schooling. If you are unable to write an essay, then you can hire essay writing services from reputed companies.The essays are written by students before applying for admission to a particular school. It is very important that the students put forth their best efforts in the essay writing. The essay must be unique and not contain any errors. Besides that, it should also be grammatically correct and should have a thesis statement which contains the objective of the applicant.The essay is written based on the suggestions and questions of the admissions officer. The questions that you will be asked to include about your knowledge about a particular s ubject, about the type of writing that you prefer, about your writing skills, etc. You will be given a deadline in which you have to answer each question. The deadline will be posted on the letter.Essay writing services would provide you with the most proficient essay writer, who would then revise your essay according to your approval. The professional writers would include various details of the essay so that it appears more impressive. They would also add some vital information that is needed in the essay. You will get the score on the essay that can be used as your bankcard for your entire admission process.After submitting the essay to the school you will be required to submit your test papers along with your essay. This is the most important part of the entire process. You will need to have a good score in your test papers to ensure a good mark.An admission essay writing service can be hired to write an essay for your admission test. The entire process is very important, since you are putting forth your best effort for it. Therefore, if you do not appear to be able to write an essay, then you can hire a professional to help you out.When you hire a professional writer, they will be able to write your essay in such a way that it stands out from the rest of the essay on the same subject, and this will have a good impact on your application. Besides that, there will be no major mistakes in the essay. This is one of the major advantages of hiring an essay writing service.Your essay must be well written and there is nothing more rewarding than having your essay published in a newspaper. A professional essay writing service can be hired to write your essay in an impressive manner. They will also add some remarks that are necessary for the essay to stand out from the crowd.

Personal statement for admission to the New School - 550 Words

Personal statement for admission to the New School (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Personal statement for admission to the New School America is hailed locally and internationally as the land where dreams come true and people come from all corners of the world in pursuit of that dream CITATION CAP14 \l 1033 (CAP Immigration Team). In the solitude that befalls someone who has been cast out of their community after falling pregnant before marriage, it dawned on me that I am American yet I was giving up on that dream. At that point, I was on the verge of despondency, as I could not see a way out of the poverty I was languishing in yet I was in the family way. However, my biggest challenge, the pregnancy, was also my source of inspiration and thus began the journey that has led me to make this application. I was born into a poor family of five children and my father left when I, the lastborn, was only two months old. Soon, problems befell my family in a chain of events that would lead to us be a street family. I grew up as such but my mother sent me to school at the expense of all my other siblings. Fortunately, I did well in school and made it all the way to high school where I graduated top of my class. However, I lacked funds to enroll in a university and my mother fell ill. Luckily, a sponsor pledged to put me through university. In a painful twist of events, my benefactor perished in a plane crash only one semester into my education and his estate was contested by his family so it could not sustain my education. I deferred my education to save money for my fees and take care of my ailing mother. However, I made some ill-advised decisions in the same period and I fell pregnant and my university could not accept me back. Despite my unfortunate predicament, I am looking for a chance to get back to school and see my education through. After a keen analysis, I chose The New School since first, it is an accredited institution that specifically supports adult learning. I believe this is the ideal environment for my child and I. Additionally; I will be able to transfer my credits, eliminating the need to repeat a year in which I posted excellent results. The chance to tailor my own program is also ideal as I juggle education and parenthood, a factor enhanced even further by the option to learn online. I am also convinced that I an ideal student for the institution. Firstly, I am highly motivated since I recognize facts indicating that 88% of all females with a bachelor's degree in the US are employed. I am in pursuit of a job that will enable me to afford a comfortable life for my child, since I believe that poverty contributed in major way to my predicament. As my first year transcripts will prove, I posted straight A's in all the units I took ...

Qualities of a Good Suprevisor Essay - 275 Words

Qualities of a Good Suprevisor (Essay Sample) Content: Qualities of a good supervisor.As a supervisor, it needs managerial skills in order to lead a group of people who all have different personalities. Some people may or may not be willing to interact well with each other something which is not an easy task. Therefore for one to be successful and considered as good supervisor, certain qualities and skills are needed and they are as follows:Excellent communication and presentation skills; you need to give instructions very clearly so that everyone gets each part clearly in order to avoid mistakes. You also need to listen with a keen interest to what your employees tell you. The best way to make sure someone has understood your instructions is to ask them to repeat what you had said earlier in their own words. This simple technique avoids many misunderstandings between you and your employees.Diplomacy and social skills; It is very important to observe courteousness at all times. For instance, when you have to fire off some one, you should do it with a lot of assertiveness but politely and never do it in front of other people. Everyone makes mistakes and nobody could wish to be humiliated. Note that it is not good to shout at people because they will become resentful and unhappy.Accountability is another essential quality for a supervisor. People commits mistake, and once a mistake has been made, a good supervisor should be in a position to acknowledge responsibility unless the victim has done by deliberately disobeying instructions. Qualities of a Good Suprevisor Essay - 275 Words Qualities of a Good Suprevisor (Essay Sample) Content: Qualities of a good supervisor.As a supervisor, it needs managerial skills in order to lead a group of people who all have different personalities. Some people may or may not be willing to interact well with each other something which is not an easy task. Therefore for one to be successful and considered as good supervisor, certain qualities and skills are needed and they are as follows:Excellent communication and presentation skills; you need to give instructions very clearly so that everyone gets each part clearly in order to avoid mistakes. You also need to listen with a keen interest to what your employees tell you. The best way to make sure someone has understood your instructions is to ask them to repeat what you had said earlier in their own words. This simple technique avoids many misunderstandings between you and your employees.Diplomacy and social skills; It is very important to observe courteousness at all times. For instance, when you have to fire off some one, you should do it with a lot of assertiveness but politely and never do it in front of other people. Everyone makes mistakes and nobody could wish to be humiliated. Note that it is not good to shout at people because they will become resentful and unhappy.Accountability is another essential quality for a supervisor. People commits mistake, and once a mistake has been made, a good supervisor should be in a position to acknowledge responsibility unless the victim has done by deliberately disobeying instructions.

How a Community is Built in a University - 1308 Words

How a Community is Built in a University Community is something you will find in any formal or informal setting where people are in the same area for long periods of time, especially on many college campuses. Community is thought of as, although different to specific individuals or subcultures, basically a group of informally bound people sharing similar passions (Wenger, 2000). Majority of universities will push the idea of â€Å"community† and â€Å"togetherness† on its students. They will do this a number of ways including, Freshman Convocation, Freshman Colloquium, and Welcome Week Activities (Nathan, 2005), just to name a few. By using different methods of bringing students closer to one another, universities intend to make a happier†¦show more content†¦Included in the research of this topic were anthropologists, psychologists, sociologists, and social policy in order to connect individuals, institutions, cultural communities, and relationships over time. This research was done to create opportu nities for youth and to help people â€Å"give back† to their community (Wenger Snyder, 2000), to emphasize on the strengths, rather than weaknesses of youth and build youth’s initiative (Denner, Lopez, Cooper, Dunbar, 1998; Zeldin, 1995). Gathered from this research was a list of ways to build a successful community within a university. Step 1 Make goals explicit by clarifying the goals. Step 2 Develop a common language with informal actions to establish common ground. Step 3 Define roles in the community, but it is not necessary to limit who can join. Step 4 Have early success by beginning with simple yet effective activities to get the group rolling forward. Step 5 Everyone needs to participate to feel accepted and needed by the group. Step 6 Members need to be recognized as individuals. 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The Role of Popular Music in Transforming Conflict and Peacebuilding in Northern Uganda. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5866 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Can popular music play a role in conflict transformation and peacebuilding? This kind of question has started to generate a great deal of debate for peacebuilding scholars and pracitioners.   Most of the recent works have focused on the role of art as a whole without looking at particular form of art or particular genre within one form of art like music and assessing its contributions to creating a peaceful society. This paper is an attempt to show only the role popular music can play. It based on a research undertaken in Gulu town in northern Uganda. Findings show that music is playing a supporting role which is either little known or less recognized. In this paper, I argue that popular music is playing a significant role. I discuss how popular music is contributing and fostering conditions of conflict transformation and peacebuilding while relying on document analysis, examinations of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“peace musicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? lyrics, field interviews and focus group discussion with the government officials, formerly LRA soldiers, musicians and the civilian population. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Role of Popular Music in Transforming Conflict and Peacebuilding in Northern Uganda." essay for you Create order A. Background to Northern Uganda conflict Northern Uganda has been in conflict for over two decades. This conflict is between the government of Uganda (GoU) and the Lordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Resistance Army (LRA).The conflict is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“rooted in a popular rebellion against the President Yoweri Musevenià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s government.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[2] but when she was defeated in 1987, Joseph Kony took over the mantle of leadership. He transformed the HSM into the LRA and with support of the Government of Sudan in Khartoum; the LRA have been able to cause destruction on the civilian population in northern Uganda. The causes of the conflict are rooted in historical and immediate factors. These includes: The British colonial legacy which divided the north and south. Failure of the President Museveni to honor peace accord he signed in Nairobi in 1985 and finally the NRA violence inflicted on the Acholi when Museveni took over[3]. Since 1993, there have been numerous peace talksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ efforts to end the conflict but all failed to bring a lasting peace because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lack of firm political will behind a negotiation strategy and the LRAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s turn to Sudan for arms re-supplies.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[7] The most recent attempt to end the conflict has been the Juba Peace Talks in 2006. This peace talks was held in Juba, the capital of South Sudan and it was mediated by Dr. Riek Machar, Sudanese vice president assisted by UN Special Envoy Joachim Chissano. In this peace talks, all four items of the agenda were signed[8]. But the final peace agreement has not been signed. The notorious leader of the LRA refused to sign the final peace agreement thus throwing the peace process in doubt. This led to a military offensive on LRA by the three countries: Uganda, Sudan and DRC and means the collapse of the peace talks. Peace building initiatives? Currently in northern Uganda, there is relative peace because the LRA have been weakened by the combined military offensive of the three nations. Many civilian populations in the 53 camps in northern Uganda are returning to their villages to rebuild their lives. Both the government and nongovernmental organizations are putting infrastructures: schools, roads and health centers to assist the former victims of conflicts resettle. But there are mixed feeling among the population whether they will have a lasting peace or not since not final peace agreement has been signed by the conflict parties. One of the key issues in northern Uganda during this transition is how to ensure victimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ justice but à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Most prioritize peace over justice and show signs of reluctance countenance question of accountability.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[10] Since 2005, GoU through the Amnesty Commission have been working to resettle many LRA the ex-combatants and supported communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approaches to local methods for forgiveness, peacebuilding and reconciliation. B. Background to role of Music in Acoli society In Acoli society, music occupies a central place. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Music is the lifeblood of the society.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[15] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Musicians and dancers were highly valued and admired for their skill and their ability to entertain.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[20]. Music in Acoli was mainly by an individual or a group singing and playing musical instrument like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“lokeme (thumb piano), ajar, a metal percussion instrument, and sometimes the smaller drums (bul).à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[22] Rise of Popular Peace Music in Northern Uganda As the war in northern Uganda escalated, this was a proof that the conflicting parties had failed to resolve their grievances. There was total breakdown in communication between the parties. This resulted into lack of confidence and understanding of each party.[24]. This music is produced in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“modernà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? studios across northern Uganda. Voices are produced on computer aided beats. There is wide use of modern musical instruments in the music. The lyrics are directed to the government, LRA and occasionally to the civilian population in northern Uganda, other parts of Uganda and the diasporas and international community. As many as 70-100 peace songs are produced annually[29]. C. Literature Review In the last decade, there have been some attempts to show that music can be used in peacebuilding.[32] The shortage of literature on the impact of music for conflict transformation and peacebuilding remains is a serious concern because stakeholders are constrained from making an informed decision on music can function as a tool of conflict transformation and peacebuilding. Perhaps the most groundbreaking work on music and peacebuilding to date is: Music and Conflict Transformation: Harmonies and Dissonances in Geopolitics.[35] Additionally, June Boyce illustrates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“several models useful when considering the link between music and peaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and finally Johan Galtung reveals how music can be used for peace. He investigates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the uplifting and uniting power music.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Ledarachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Moral Imagination: the Art and Soul of Peacebuilding[36], empathizes use of creativity in peacebuilding. He used a number of examples to support his arguments about art and peacebuilding. Finally, Lisa Schirchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Ritual and Symbols in Peacebuilding also supports the view of creativity in peacebuilding.[39] There are some articles which show the prospect of using music in peacebuilding. Michael Shank and Lisa Schirch,[42] Their analysis justifies the role of art while at the same time it is useful for informing peacebuilders on what kind of art to employ and at what stage of conflict. Lesley Pruitt explores how music can contribute to positive peace[44] She adds that music and dance can lead to development of new identity by both the artists and audience and it is this new identity can help in process of dialogue. Therefore, artists through their music can act as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mediatorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? because they create new identities and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s this new identity that can foster dialogue between the conflicting parties. Additionally, Alba Sanfeliu[45] discusses the role of music in peacebuilding. She remarks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Music is an eloquent language that allows us to express what is happening around us in many senses, and to reflect the times and the situation in which we live. It is inseparable from our social, political, economic and cultural reality.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? She adds that music is also a form of communication. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lyrics strengthen the message that the author wants to express, emphasizing the sense of the song.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Mores specially she touches on role of popular music and states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“many singers and groups have composed songs with themes related to peace, personally becoming involved by giving concerts in solidarity with various social causes and making their music into a kind of spokesman and instrument for peace.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? She concludes by arguing for further exploration of music as a tool for conflict transformation. Finally, In conclusion, the reviewed works provide interesting insights into the role of art in general on conflict transformation and peacebuilding but there are not sufficient enough in explaining how specific genre like music and in particular, popular music contributes to conflict transformation and peacebuilding. To begin with, most of the studies done on role of music were based on document reviews and this makes it very difficult to reflect the true situation on the ground. Additionally, the reviewed works widely focus on art or music as a whole. None focuses on popular music. Finally, these studies were based on realities in different parts of the world some of which are significantly different from those in northern Uganda. This study attempts to show the impact of popular music on the conflicting parties in northern Uganda and how this has helped in conflict transformation and peacebuilding in northern Uganda. D. Purpose and Methods of the Study Research was carried out in Gulu Municipality and 2 internally displaced persons (IDP) camps of Amuru and Odek[49]. In all the three locations[51]. Interview guides were open-ended and gave respondents opportunity to speak out his/her mind. This was preferred in order to get more information about knowledge, attitudes and opinions of people about the role popular music in peacebuilding. There were 5 focus group discussions with 30 people (23 were former LRA soldiers and five female) to understand peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perspective about the role popular music can or has played in peacebuilding[52]. The discussions were freely moderated by the researcher and every participant freely expressed their views during the discussions. Finally, all accessible relevant literatures on the topic were reviewed. These data were got from various libraries including Gulu University, Human Rights Focus, Gulu Public Library and Hesburgh library. E. Impact of Music in Northern Uganda Music and conflict has have long been connected but the role music can play in conflict transformation and peacebuilding have not long been studied although there are new and emerging work in the field[53]. Therefore, to assert that music can transform conflict and promote peacebuilding may be an exaggeration but also failure to recognize the role that music can play in conflict transformation and peacebuilding would again be an understatement facts. From results of focus group discussions and interviews with government officials in Northern Uganda, one can argue that music is playing a supporting role to the conflict transformation and peacebuilding in northern Uganda. Popular music is contributing by: Reaching the government leaders with messages to engage in the peace process, recognizing the government efforts while demanding for a speedy end to peace process, portraying the government failures through comparison of the Acoli society before and after the war thus making the government leaders to work for amendments and finally popular music has become a tool of communication that is now a constant reminder for government about its obligations for peace. a. Government In northern Uganda, popular music is being used to reach both government leaders to engage in peaceful resolution of the conflict. This has been carefully done through name dropping[58]. The impact of name dropping is found to create pressure on some leaders to use their positions to engage in peace process with the LRA because musicians represent the voice of the people. This makes the leaders reach out to the president asking for peaceful engagements with the LRA. According to one government leader: Northern Uganda is a small region. Each time musicians call my name in their songs, I feel I compelled to work for peace. The songs communicate to me personally. It appeals to me in a special way. It portrays me as a leader who can do something for my people. This creates the motivations for me to work for peace. To me, a voice of one musician is a voice of the people suffering in the internally displaced peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s camps[59] Therefore, name dropping has been an effective way of pushing some of the leaders to work for their people. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is a push factor for the leaders. It asks nothing from them but to use their position for the sake of the suffering people.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[60] Name dropping has an appropriate appeal for different leaders at a personal level to seek an end to conflict. This appeal is compounded by the fact that the songs are in the language the leaders understand, the leaders are widely known in the region and the songs brings out rich, truthful and powerful issues that goes on in the life of their own people. This motivates some leaders to engage in peacebuilding. Additionally, in a politically hostile region to the current NRM government[68]. This is summed up in one statement by former internally displaced man: When politicians in our community are openly praised by musicians in their songs, this sets the bar so high for politicians and their party because the songs are played on the FM stations across the northern Uganda. This is not only praises and recognition for their work, politicians know that as voters we use the same songs to judge them and hence some are working very hard for peace.[69] Given an environment like northern Uganda, which has been unfriendly to the current government because of the long running conflict, people have genuine grievances again their government[72] It recognizes and praises politicians and the government, while at the same time it sets a target for them to achieve thus leading to engagement of some political leaders in the peace process. Furthermore, the religious leaders have also not been spared by the popular artists. They have also been singled out for commitment to peace in northern Uganda and asked to do more in their capacity. Musicians like Bosmic Otim, one of the first popular artists to emerge in northern Uganda in early 2000 with very high popularity went on in his song, Too Paco, to appreciate one religious leader for his extra-ordinary courage and commitment on working for peace. He points out the impact of the war on the Acoli society. He suggests to the government to adopt the non-violent strategy of the religious leaders. He calls for a non-violence strategy because failure of the military strategy which has inflicted great pain on the civilian population. He goes on in his lyrics to say à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s see example from Nelson Mandela who fought for peace non violent, let us see example from Bishop Mark Baker Ochola, who is emphasizing talk peace because war increases the death tollà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Such a creative way of sending peace messages by the popular artists have been effective. Popular music have been able to communicate peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s desire for peace to the religious leaders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Popular music has become additional call to protect their flocks from wolves.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[76]. Furthermore, popular musicians have used their songs as a comparative tool for northern Uganda especially Acoli society. This comparison is based on looking back at Acoli society before the war and comparing it with the society during war. This evokes images of past governments as more successful than the current regime[79]. Some popular songs are explicit imagery of government failure.[82]   This careful manipulation of music to compare Acoli societies is disastrous for the image of the government and NRM political leadership. It has compelled some government leaders to do more to save its image by protecting its citizens while at the same time creating a task that peace is the ultimate goal the government has to achieve in order to avoid comparisons with the past regimes. Dida Moses, in his song Too Oroma-wa, ask a rhetorical question and goes to show the suffering, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Our people, spiritual leaders what do we do? War that started since has not ended, Strong homes have collapsed, Seeing people run for their lives is painfulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Cutting peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s legs, killing is so painful, Children are suffering, children sleep hungry, Children sleep with blankets, children do go to school, Today I pray to God, the rate of death is too muchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? In some of these songs, the government commitment to northern Uganda is questioned indirectly. The reference to pre-Acoli society invokes images of better days of freedom, schooling, ability to meet basic needs and above all a peaceful society under previous government.[84]. This creates a drive for leaders to engage more in peace talks in order to deliver peace, the ultimate wish of the people. Finally, popular music is being used to communicate and remind government of its obligation for peace in a region where people seem to have given up after two decades of war and accepted the status quo. Musicians have not given up. They have continued to remind the government and create awareness about the war in northern Uganda, nationally and internationally.   Popular music is a constant à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“burdenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and reminder to Acoli government leaders.[86] These peace concerts bring popular artists from all over the country in northern Uganda to sing for peace and fundraise for the IDP communities. In April 2004 feted Ugandan musician Jose Chameleone teamed up with Richard Kaweesa, another renowned Ugandan musician, in a peace restoration project called [87] In these musical concerts nothing else is sung about but peace.[90] Therefore, popular music has become medium of reminding the government on what people wants while at the same time creating awareness and building a coalition for peace in the northern Uganda which generates public pressure on the government to seek an alternative to the conflict As a result of this constant reminder and call to the government and LRA for peace, the governments of Uganda and South Sudan have come to recognize the role of music in conflict transformation and peacebuilding thus exhibiting the power of popular music in northern Uganda. In 2005, Loketo Lee, was recognized for his outstanding contributions to the peace process. His contribution was first felt outside his own country-Uganda to Southern Sudan and Sudanese vice president, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Salvar Kiirà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦handed Loketo Lee a Peace Award for his contribution, through his music, to the countrys peace process.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[93]. This points to the role music can in a musically responsive society like northern Uganda. b. Lordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Resistance Army In northern Uganda, popular music is being used for informing and educating the LRA on amnesty[95] These musical messages have had some impact on LRA through the radio. According to one participant, a former LRA foot soldier: Mega FM has been useful for amnesty messages. The religious leaders and also some songs were very influential in letting us know what amnesty was all about. When our leaders realized we were listening to amnesty messages whether talk shows or music, they stopped us and whoever was found was punished severely. From the perspective of some formerly abducted children interviewed, popular music on the FM stations particularly Mega FM proved to have been effective in disseminating amnesty information. Consequently, some LRA fighters were able to return home. This statement by the former LRA solders is corroborated by Boniface Ojok, in his remarks about the impact of radio communication to the LRA. On realizing that they were reducing in numbers, the LRA leadership discouraged its middle ranking commanders and foot soldiers from listening to radios. Many of the former LRA rebels we talked to said that when the LRA realized that radios were becoming so effective in luring the midlevel commanders and foot soldiers, a warning was issued that radios should be used only by the top leadership[96] Popular music therefore is being used to communicate important messages for the LRA. These messages are effective in informing and educating the LRA. To some former child soldiers, popular artist had become their role models. Some agreed to being persuaded by popular musicians. Their songs about amnesty and asking them to abandon the rebellion was informative and as well as appealing to them to come out of the bush[97]. Additionally, popular musical is helping in confidence building among the LRA.[100]   These cases have been used as propaganda by the LRA leadership to deter foot soldiers from returning but popular artists have razed this propaganda. Strong message for brotherhood, reconciliation, forgiveness and welcome have been sung by the musician including making a personal call to the LRA top leadership about their safety on return. Artists like Baby Dalvin, believes that amnesty from the government without further assurance from civilian population was not enough for the LRA to return.   The LRA fighters were aware of the pardon through the amnesty but they did not know how the civilian populations in the camps would be reacting to them. Government assurance from prosecutions was not enough. Artists had to step in and assure the LRA fighters about their safety from the civilian populations. Popular music was able to fill the void left by the government. Popular music sent assurances about safety and that people are willing to reconcile with them. These have been able to restore some level of confidence in the LRA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Some artists have even called the LRA fighters as brothers and for Acoli people when someone has called you a brother that is best assurance of acceptance without revenge.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[102] Similarly, when the leaders of the LRA were indicted by International Criminal Court, its impact was expected on the peace process.[105] Such opposition of the external forces to the peace process has been cited to create confidence on the LRA because they feel the masses and the government are willing to save them ICC prosecutions. Thus the artists have been able to add their voice to already a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hostileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? region to ICC creating a feeling of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“safetyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? among some LRA from the government and people in northern Uganda. Furthermore, the role popular music is playing today is a replica of the role songs played in Acoli traditional community. Traditionally, songs were used to entertain and teach. Leaders with unruly behaviors were mocked.[107] This role of music still lives on in the popular music today. Popular artists have not downplayed the atrocities the LRA have committed in the two decades. Lyrics reflect LRA atrocities and challenge the LRA. Popular music have exposed the atrocities and blamed the LRA. Artists have reacted to what they see as contrary to societal values. In northern Uganda, both the government and the LRA have been seeking to dehumanize and blame each for the atrocities but many popular artists have blamed LRA and asked them to end atrocities. Towngweno, in their song, Bedo I camp, hits the LRA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“everyone is talking with name, what popularity are you seeking? Orphans, widows are becoming many because of you!   Why do you want to finish Acoli?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Such songs not only expose but also strike guilt for atrocities among the LRA[112] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I am alone now! What can I say? I am now alone in our home! What can I say? I now have no mother, No sister, No brother, No father, No uncle, War has finished all the sons and daughters of Acolià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? According to another respondent, a former rebel, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“popular music have summed up what has happened and if you have carried such atrocities you feel compelled to lay down your gun and come and ask for apologies.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[114] Finally, popular artists have used their music to frame the conflict in a way that affects the LRA positively forcing them to reconsider peace.[116] The framing has changed perceptions and made information relevant and persuasive to the LRA. The framing is based on the notion of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“defeatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of the LRA in the war. To many people interviewed, the conflict should have been ended if the government had pursued peaceful means[120] in his songs, Dok Paco, he plays with the notion of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“defeat.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? He calls the LRA to negotiate with the government. He says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“negotiating does not mean you are defeatedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to dispel the myth defeat.   Additionally, Bosmic Otim frames the conflicts on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of the LRA. While the LRA claims to be fighting for marginalization of people in northern Uganda, they are at the same time committing gruesome violence on the people. Bosmic, in his song Peace Returns, he says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If a government soldier dies tomorrow, you will find an Acoli, if a LRA soldier diesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦you will find an Acoli.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? His framing reinforces the view that one tribe is finishing itself meaning there is no point in continuing the fight. These framings help in changing perceptions. It can be very persuasive. According to former rebels, they cited two impacts. First, they have been persuaded by this framing which made some rebels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ready to move to another life?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[121] Secondly, they have been able to see the reality of the conflict and its impact. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We were able to see the other side of the coin.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? This frame has made some large-scale changes in society. Concluding Observations Music has some problems too. There are in fights among some popular musicians and this has sometimes affected their position in society as peacebuilder. There have been incidences of popular artist fighting and how can they talk for peace if they are involved in violence. This is simply because of public rating people give to the peace songs. This has resulted into creating camps among the popular artist leading t to in fights. Additional, commercial interest of some musicians and recording artists has overshadowed peace music. Many times they are diverted from real issues and forced to sing what the government wants or because their promoters have already got money. This causes diversion and hence reduction in the peace messages in northern Uganda Furthermore, some upcoming popular artist stated that there is alot of politics of the FM stations which only play music from recognized artists leaving them to suffer and languishing with their peace songs. Some artist suggested that music managers at the FM stations ask them lump sum money to include their songs on their playlist. This limits the peace songs to only a few and popular artist leaving out some upcoming musicians. This sometimes kills the potential of young artist who could be having genuine interest in promoting peacebuilding in the region. Finally, artists also expressed fear at the government. Some artist believe they cannot confront the government because they fear for the lives and fear that FM stations will not play their songs and this limits them from being neutral and hence affecting their reputation and neutrality in the songs. In spite of these limitations, there are also a number of arguments why popular music is still effective in conflict transformation and peacebuilding in the case of northern Uganda. To begin with, in considering that music can contribute to peacebuilding, one has to look at the cultural context. In northern Uganda has been sued since time in memorial..Therefore, this provides a best opportunity to use music further for peacebuilding. Secondly, within music, there are more than songs. There is communication, rhythm and movement which when combined becomes a very powerful gesture for peace. In listening to music and watching videos, one can see that these are very effective in reinforcing There is very good creativity and understanding of the local context by musicians. The use of name dropping was suggested by one politician as the most effective way Finally, the popular music is very relevant to local issues in northern Uganda. Music and power especially electoral democracy In this article, only a limited number of songs, most of which come from the musical genre à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bongo Flavaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have been described. There are undoubtedly songs about AIDS from other types of music, including gospel music that may be influential. Nevertheless, the songs described here do provide insight into the promise held by utilizing musicians as popular opinion leaders and song as a medium not only to convey important health information, but also as a mechanism for triggering social and behavior changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.SHERI BASTIEN [122] 4 [(]* Is a MA candidate at the University of Notre Dame. He earned a B.A. in Humanities from Makerere University. He also holds a Post-graduate diploma in Conflict Management and Peace Studies and a Post-graduate diploma in Education from Gulu University. He has served as an Information Officer for a relief organization and a health communication group. Recently, he worked for the Norwegian Refugee Council as communication and Monitoring and Evaluation Manager. He has conducted many researches on the role of the media in conflict transformation in northern Uganda. [1] Moses Cyprus Okello and Lucy Hovil, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Confronting the Reality of Gender Based Violence in Northern Uganda,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3) 2007: 375-390. [2] See Behrend, Heike, Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985-97 (James Currey, Oxford 1999) [3] See Allen, Tim, 1991, Understanding Alice: Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Holy Spirit Movement in Context. Africa, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 370-399. Branch, Adam, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Neither Peace, nor Justice: Political Violence and the Peasantry in Northern Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2005) 8(2) African Study Q 1, [4] Lomo, Zachary and Hovil, Lucy, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Behind the Violence: Causes, Consequences and the Search for Solutions to the War in Northern Uganda,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Refugee Law Project Working Paper No. 11 (February 2004), p43 https://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a3f8d3c1e.html [accessed 21 January 2010] [6] Moses Cyprus Okello and Lucy Hovil, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Confronting the Reality of Gender Based Violence in Northern Uganda,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3) 2007: 375-390. [7] See Justice and Reconciliation Project, Cooling of the Hearts: Community Truth Telling in Acholi-land,   2007, 6 https://www.csopnu.net/?jc=juba [accessed 21 January 2010] [9] Moses Cyprus Okello and Lucy Hovil, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Confronting the Reality of Gender Based Violence in Northern Uganda,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3) 2007: 375-390. [10] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [11] Interviews with a 67 year old in Odek, 27 December 2009 [12] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [13] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [14] Schumann, Anne à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Beat that Beat Apartheid: The Role of Music in the Resistance against Apartheid in South Africa,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Stichproben. Wiener Zeitschrift fÃÆ' ¼r kritische Afrikastudien Nr. 14/2008, 8. Jg., 17à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?39 p:2 [15] Kaiser, Tania 2006. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Songs, Discos and Dancing in Kiryandongo, Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 32, no. 2, March 2006, pp. 183à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"202, pp184 [16] Ibid 188 [17] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [18] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [19] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [20] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [21] Kaiser, Tania, pp 7 [22] Kaiser, Tania, pp 7 [23] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [24] Interviews with a musician, Gulu Town, 3rd January 2010 [25] Interviews with a studio owner in Gulu Town, 23rd December 2009 [26] There are 5 radio stations in Gulu [27] There are 10 recording studio in Gulu [28] Interviews with a studio owner in Gulu Town, 23rd December 2009 [29] Interviews with a studio owner in Gulu Town, 23rd December 2009 [30] Olivier Urbain, ed., Music and Conflict Transformation: Harmonies and Dissonances in Geopolitics. London: I. B. Tauris, 2008 [31] Michael Shrank and Lisa Schirch 217 [32] Playing for the crowd 274 [33] Oliver Music and Conflict Transformation: Harmonies and Dissonances in Geopolitics [34] Olivier Urbain 7 [35] Olivier Urbain 32 [36] John Paul Ledarach. The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace (New York: Oxford Press, 2005). [37] Lisa Schirch. Ritual and Symbol in Peacebuilding (Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2004). [38] Lisa Schirch, pp 42 [39] Lisa Schirch, pp 44 [40] Michael Shrank and Lisa Schirch [41] Michael Shanks and Lisa Schirch, pp219 [42] Michael Shanks and Lisa Schirch , pp223 [43] Lesley Pruitt, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“They Drop Beats, Not Bombs: Music and Dance in Youth Peace-Buildingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Australian Journal of Peace Studies, vol 3 2008: 14-32,pp 3 [44] Lesley Pruitt, pp5 [45] Alba Sanfeliu, A paper presented to the first meeting of the ICTM study group Applied Ethnomusicology, conference Historical and Emerging Approaches to Applied Ethnomusicology (Ljubljana, Slovenia 9 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 13 July 2008)   [46] The researcher lived and worked in Gulu. He speaks the language of the respondents [47] The studios include: [48] FM radio stations are: [49] Odek is 47 Km and Koch Goma is 17 Km [50] Odek, Koch Goma and Gulu Municipality [51] There were 15 government leaders and 8 workers for NGOS [52] There were 18 males and 12 female for the FGDs and a total of 4 girls were former LRA soldiers [53] See Lederach, J.P. (2005) The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace. Oxford University Press., Taylor, P. (2003). Applied Theatre: Creating Transformative Encounters in the Community. Heinemann Drama. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name-dropping [55] Interviews with Baby Dalvin, Director Baby-Dalvin Studios, 23 June 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda. [56] Ibid [57] Interviews with Baby Dalvin, Director Baby-Dalvin Studios, 23 June 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [58] There are many station in radio station in northern Uganda and various statistics put the number between 20-30 FM stations but one most popular radio is 102 Mega FM which was set by for conflict resolution by DFID [59] Interviews with senior government official involved in the peace talks with the LRA, 23 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [60] Ibid https://www.ifra-nairobi.net/resources/cahiers/Cahier_41/4Bwana.pdf [62]Musicians like Loketo Lee, have produced praised songs for government involvement in the peace process. In his song, he motions the government delegation and asks people to support their efforts in bringing peace in northern Uganda. [63] Ibid [64] Interviews with Acan Dorothy, Odek IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda. [65] Interviews with senior government official involved in the peace talks with the LRA, 23 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [66] Interviews [67] Interviews with Otto Mathew, Cwero IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda. [68] Ibid [69] Ibid [70] Ibid [71] Bosmic Otim songs for Museveni [72] Interviews with Oloya Paul, Cwero IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda [73] Interviews with Okello Mark, Cwero IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda. [74] Interviews [75] Interviews [76] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [77] Interviews with Otto Mathew, Cwero IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda. [78] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [79] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [80] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [81] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [82] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [83] Oboteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Government were cited to be good [84] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [85]Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [86] This implied better to have Christmas early in August when there is relative peace than wait till December when people are unsure of government ability to provide peace https://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/Arts.asp?ID=395 [88] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda https://parlorsongs.org/issues/2004-4/thismonth/feature.php [90] Interviews with Okodi Emma, Radio Producer, Mega FM, 28 June 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda Interviews [91] See The New Vision, Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Leading Daily, October 4th,2008 accessed online 17th.December, 2009 https://allafrica.com/stories/200810060562.html [92]See The New Vision, Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Leading Daily, October 4th,2008 accessed online 17th.December, 2009 https://allafrica.com/stories/200810060562.html https://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=77168 [94] Amnesty in Uganda was [95] Music and Arts in Action/Ugo Corte Bob Edwards 2008 | ISSN: 1754-7105 | Page 8 [96] Ojok Boniface [97] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [98] Confidence building isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [99] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [100] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [101] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [102] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [103] ICC issueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..The LRA have been indicted by the ICC and this has been suggested as a major stumbling block for the peace talks at Juba in South Sudan [104] This is the PAM awards whichà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. [105]Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [106]Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [107] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [108] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [109] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [110] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [111] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [112] Interviews, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [113] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [114] They drop beats 4 [115] Music and Arts in Action/Ugo Corte Bob Edwards 2008 | ISSN: 1754-7105 | Page 9 https://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/4/0/0/6/p40064_index.html https://www.istr.org/conferences/bangkok/WPVolume/Kasaija.ApuuliPhillip.pdf p5 [118] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [119] Interviews [120] His story of how he lost his fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦see the new Vision [121] Kathy Bon, Emily Tynes, Henry Griggs, Phil Sparks, Strategic Communications for Nonprofit, Step by step Guide to working with Media, Jossey-Bass Publishers, p 44. [122] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Pride appears to have motivated individuals to exert greater effort on a taxing task due to their receiving social acclaim.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? P 4 Williams, L. A., DeSteno, D. (2008). Pride and perseverance: The motivational role of pride. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(6), 1007-1017.

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